Reynard to the child that didn't exist was "All-Gone." You can guessĪ short time afterwards, Master Bruin thought he would like to eat up The third time the same thing occurred, and this time the name given by To the child, Reynard said, "Half-Eaten." And when he came back and Bruin asked him what was the name given So he told Bruin that he had to go to another christening. Reynard had forgotten all about the christening and could onlyĪ little while after, Reynard thought he would like another feast of Then he went back to Bruin, who asked him what name had been given to So off Reynard goes into the woods, andĪfter a time he crept back and uncovered the beehive and had such a feast That means godfather, you know - to one of my old friends." So one day he said to Bruin, "Pardner, I have to go and be gossip. That Master Reynard didn't know how to get away from him and get hold of But Bruin kept so close a guard upon his honey Reason? Well, Reynard knew that Bruin had a beehive full of honeycomb, and Went into partnership and kept house together. You must know that once upon a time Reynard the Fox and Bruin the Bear Ashliman's folktexts, a library of folktales, folklore, Cat and Mouse in Partnership (Germany).The Fox Cheats the Bear out of His Christmas Fare.Reynard is the clever peasant-hero and his enemies are representatives of the church or the wealthy, and Reynard will always win. What every reader would know is what happens next: Reynard leaps out alive and revenges himself on his enemies (again). A Boar is shown with a scythe, preparing the ground for the grave. Chanticleer the Cock carries the incense censor. There are other animals in the procession but who do not carry musical instruments: Reynard’s principal enemy, Ysengin the Wolf appears as a bishop. When we start this procession on folio 73r, we are really at the end of the parade. Instead of starting with the Ram and his bell at the beginning, we should turn to the end of the procession to see the Hare tolling the church bells at the beginning. Philippe de Vitry: Vos quid admiramini / Gratissima (Musica Nova)Īs part of the images of animals in the marginalia being a vision of the world turned upside down, this funerary procession is also backwards. Kyward the Hare tolling church bells, detail from fol. On the first page of the manuscript we can see not only lavish use of red and black ink but also blue, grey and white ink in the initials and the decoration. These books of prayers for the canonical hours were often lavishly illustrated, and this one is no exception. The book is incomplete and, over time, has been misbound, with sections out of order. 102 was created in England at the end of the 13th century for a now-unknown patron. What’s of interest to us is that his animal associates are all playing musical instruments as they process across the bottom of the pages. In the marginalia of a 13th-century Book of Hours held in the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, there’s a procession of Reynard’s friends and enemies going to his funeral. The enemies deliver funeral orations full of insincerity that are then acted upon by the not-so-dead Reynard as he takes his revenge. When his time for trickery is up, one of the standard situations in the stories would be an elaborate funeral, attended by friends and enemies. The situations in the stories are set up such that people reading or hearing them can make parallels with their own lives. Reynard is treated in the tales as though he is human and lives in a world with other talking animals. The stories that came out starting in the 12th century place him in medieval literature as a parody of the courtly love stories. Their first mention comes in the fables of Aesop, in 4 BC, and these are carried forward through the 12th century when the character of Reynard emerges. Sometimes he’s evil, but most often he’s a trickster, known for being cunning, wily, and resourceful. The character of the trickster fox is everywhere in folktales from around the world.
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